Kevine er ett av 145.000 skolebarn på flukt i Kigoma i Tanzania. Hun savner skolen sin i Burundi. Foto: Ingrid Prestetun/ Flyktninghjelpen

Savner skolen i Burundi

Publisert 16. aug. 2017
Titusenvis av kongolesiske og burundiske barn på flukt går glipp av skolegang som følge av overfylte klasserom i Tanzania.

Vi har truffet noen av skolebarna og en frivillig lærer i Nduta-leiren i Kigoma, en provins vest i Tanzania nær grensen til Burundi. For hvert klasserom er det behov for åtte til, og barna samler seg i store grupper på flere hundre under trærne for å få undervisning. 

Kevine

Åtte år gamle Kevine og hennes klassekamerater sitter på steiner under trærne og kopierer notater fra papirark som henger på trestammene. Lærerne har ikke tavler og må improvisere. Støy fra trafikken og støv fra veien gjør det vanskelig å konsentrere seg. Bråk fra de andre klassene overdøver stemmen til læreren.

Kevine er ett av 145.000 skolebarn på flukt i Kigoma. Hun savner skolen sin i Burundi.

– Vi hadde undervisning i skolebygninger. De hadde sementgulv og stoler. Men her lærer vi under trærne og sitter på steiner, sier hun.

– Jeg er trist fordi jeg ikke har oppgavebøker, blyanter, klær, sko eller skolesekk. Kevine og familien hennes flyktet fra Burundi i februar etter at hun mistet bestefaren sin. Han ble drept i den væpnede konflikten som har herjet landet siden 2015. Politisk konflikt oppstod da president Pierre Nkurunziza annonserte at han skulle forlenge presidentskapet med en tredje periode, i strid med grunnloven. Dette skapte store protester og voldshandlinger over hele landet.

Kevines mor, Nzeyimana, er bekymret for henne. Moren er fortsatt traumatisert etter flukten til Kigoma-regionen. Hun forteller oss at hun håper at Kevine får anledning til å gå på skole mens de bor i Tanzania.

Niyongere is 10 years old. His parents are called Sebizigiye and mother Marianne. He lives in Nduta refugee camp of Tanzania. He recalls his young life back in Muremera Village in Ruyigi Province of Burundi when every night, armed men would come looking for his father Sebizigiye. His father would hide under the bed. The men would threaten to kill him when they found him.
 
Their home area became very insecure due to political instability. Men with dark motives prowled the streets at night. Even walking to school in the morning became very dangerous. One day, one of his classmates was killed on his way to school. He heard about it during an announcement by his teacher Mrs. Nishimiye. He had also lost contact with his best friend Sengiyuva before leaving Burundi, and has never heard from him again.

He likes Mathematics. “Maths helps me to learn how to count numbers. I am fascinated by numbers. I can count from one to ten in Swahili, English and Kirundi,” he says. While in Nduta refugee camp, Niyongere’s best friend is called Mugisha. He dreams of becoming a teacher when he grows up. He thinks teaching is a very noble and fulfilling work. 

However, he lacks learning tools like pencils and books. To help him during class, he borrows from the teacher or from other students. While at home, Niyongere has improvised a new method of doing homework. He has kept aside stones that he uses to write on the soil outside their tent. 

During his free time he goes to fetch water from the river. He also spends time looking for firewood. Together with Mugisha, they like to play football. They also play cards, which involves picking cards from a pile and displaying in turns. The person with the highest score wins. He says that he wins most of the time. In addition, Niyongere, whose name means ‘give me more’, spends a lot of time chatting with his father. When he was born, his parents offered a prayer to God to give them more children. His says that his father encourages him to love education. He helps his mother to cook.

Quotes from Niyongere:

“I miss the school where I was studying. In Burundi, I had school bag, shoes, clothes and pens.”
“I miss the school where I was studying in Burundi. I had enough materials: shoes and clothes, pens and a school bag, rubber. I also had friends who loved me so much.”
“But here I do not have materials. I do not have exercise books. When I want to write, I borrow papers from friends or the teacher. He gives me a paper and pen and I write. Also we sit on stones.”
“I am happy because I am in the camp. I get peace. Even though we do not have built schools, they will help us.”
“I want to study with all my efforts so that I finish studies and become a teacher, as I want to be in my life.”
“I like school so much. I also like to learn.”
“You see, in Burundi I had exercise books, pen, school uniform, school bag, shoes. But here, I do not have them.” 
“You know, I left the school in Burundi when we came here.”
“We decided to flee Burundi because there was conflict. They were hunting for us, they wanted to harm us. That is why we decided to come here. We left because they wanted to kill us.”	
“I feel better because I left a conflict area to come to a non-conflict area, to live well.”
“You know, in Burundi I had friends. One of those friends was Tuyisenge Moses. Another one was called Niyibitanga Sekis. Another one was Nakayibona Methode.”
“You know, in Burundi we could farm tomatoes, cassava or farming maize, or farming vegetable or peas, we also kept goats. I had friends but I do not see them here.”
“I miss the school where I was learning and friends and home and relatives.” 
“Because we are studying in the open sometimes people pass by talking and we are distracted. We cannot follow the lesson well.”
“When another teacher is teaching a nearby classroom, we look at him and fail to follow our teacher.”
“I like to be a teacher so that I teach other children like how I am being taught”
“At home, my parents, siblings and myself we were afraid that they would harm us. I used to hear that others had the same problems.”
“But when I heard that we wanted to come here, I became happy.”
“Thank you very much for telling my story.”
“I miss my exercise books, pen and school bag, school uniform and shoes.”

Photo: NRC/Ingrid Prestetun
Niyongere (til venstre) flyktet med foreldrene sine fra en landsby i Burundi. Væpnede menn kom stadig til familiens hus for å lete etter faren. – Jeg savner skolen og vennene mine, sier tiåringen. Foto: Ingrid Prestetun/ Flyktninghjelpen

Niyongere

Niyongere (10) vil lære matte, men i likhet med Kevine har han ikke skolebøker eller blyanter. Han bruker steiner til å skrive ned leksene sine i jorda.

– Matte hjelper meg med å telle. Jeg kan telle fra en til ti på swahili, engelsk og kirundi, sier han, og forteller at han drømmer om å bli lærer når han blir stor.

Niyongere flyktet med foreldrene sine fra Muremera, en landsby i Burundi. Væpnede menn kom stadig til familiens hus for å lete etter faren.

Til og med det å gå til skolen om morgenen ble farlig. En dag fortalte læreren hans at en klassekamerat var blitt drept på vei til skolen.

– De jaktet på oss, de ønsket å skade oss. Det er derfor vi bestemte oss for å komme hit, sier han.

– Jeg savner skolen min og venner, hjemmet og slektningene våre.

Violette arrived in Tanzania in January 2017. She started teaching in May 2017. Now she teaches Class Two. Her class has a total of 50 pupils. However, the attendance on 14th June was only 13. Reason for the poor show? Lack of books and pens, together with the reason that the pupils were escorting their parents to the food distribution. 

A slim and tall young lady, Violette has one child, Bijou Iratabara. The girl’s name means ‘God comes to help people in need’. She had longed for a child for many years and she feels that the Almighty God had finally come to her rescue. Bijou is now two years old. Bijou means gift in French. She is the gift that God has granted to Violette. 

Violette originates from Gahandu Commune of Makamba Province in Burundi. Her story from Burundi is filled with traumatizing episodes. Her husband was abducted one evening by members of a dangerous militia group. He had received death threats from some people a few weeks earlier, because of his political affiliation. She fears that the militiamen might have killed him and dumped his body in a river or forest. During those times, it was common to come across corpses of dead people dumped along the streets or washed down the river.

What motivates her to do her job despite hardship? “I am happy when children learn to read and write. It is very fulfilling to see children make progress in their schooling. Now they are trying to catch up, I know that they will succeed, despite the lack of adequate learning materials”, she says.

She always brings her daughter to school. Most times, she is forced to teach while carrying her. This is because she does not have any helper at home. Fortunately, Bijou is always calm and unless she is hungry, she prefers to mind her own business most of the time. There is another female teacher who comes to help in case she needs attention. Violette says that she wants to remain in Tanzania together with Bijou, unless refugees are forced to leave by the authorities. 

Quote from violette (June 2017)

“I decided to teach children so that they get knowledge like I got.”
“I teach other children so that life does not stop even though we are in camps, it should continue, they should know how to read and write.”
“I fled before starting to teach. I had just finished my studies. Then the war started before I started teaching children, but I had finished.”
“I fled because my husband, the father of my child, had been taken away because he was not belonging to ruling party. I grew up as an orphan. Whenever I went to my friends, they continued to come looking for my child wanting to kill her. I decided to come here requesting to become a refugee so that my child could live.”
“I like to give knowledge to other children because education is what a child should be given in life.”
“Education is the pillar of development to a child.”
“I like to give children education so that they know how to read and write. Even though they are refugees when they go back to our home they will know how to read and write. They will develop the country.”
“It is difficult to teach. Children do not have books, pens, they don’t have classrooms, schools. A teacher does not have means of transport, bags to carry exercise books on which she writes. But we continue to sacrifice although it is difficult.”
“I live alone. I don’t have anyone to help me taking care of my child. But I continue to volunteer, helping children of my friends, children of my country. We are not paid, we don’t get a salary. Although it is difficult, I continue giving them education so that they also get knowledge.”
“I wish my child, wherever she will be, if she gets education she becomes a journalist.”
“I like to give children education, I like to volunteer. Giving knowledge, giving to other children and my child. When they go back to Burundi they have knowledge and they develop our country.”

Photo: NRC/Ingrid Prestetun
Violettes to år gamle datter, Bijou, er alltid med moren på jobb og sitter rolig på ryggen hennes i skoletimene. Foto: Ingrid Prestetun/Flyktninghjelpen

Violette

Violette er frivillig lærer i Nduta og flyktet selv fra Burundi. Hun prøver sitt beste å undervise elever som Niyongere og Kevine, men det er vanskelig når hun har ansvar for klasser med flere hundre barn.

Den to år gamle datteren, Bijou, er alltid med Violette på jobb og sitter rolig på morens rygg i skoletimene.

– Jeg bor alene. Jeg har ikke noen som hjelper meg med å passe barnet mitt. Men jeg fortsetter å jobbe frivillig for å hjelpe barna til vennene mine og barna fra hjemlandet mitt, sier hun.

De utendørs klasserommene skal lette byrden til leirens barneskoler som er støttet av humanitære organisasjoner. Som én av mange ubetalte lærere, sliter Violette med å brødfø seg selv og barnet sitt.

– Vi får ikke lønn. Selv om det er vanskelig, fortsetter jeg å undervise slik at barna får kunnskapene de trenger, sier hun.

I Burundi bodde Violette og mannen i en fredelig landsby i Makama-provinsen. En dag kom medlemmer av en væpnet gruppe og bortførte mannen hennes. Hun frykter at de har drept ham.

Hun hadde så vidt fullført lærerutdanningen da hun måtte flykte fra Burundi. I dag jobber hun hardt for å hjelpe flyktningbarn, men mangelen på tavler og skolemateriell gjør jobben hennes vanskelig. Bare i Kigoma-regionen deler over 18.300 barn kun 183 klasserom.

– Jeg liker å undervise barn. Når de drar tilbake til Burundi kan de dermed hjelpe til med å utvikle landet vårt, sier hun. Violette håper at hennes egen datter en dag vil bli journalist.